The pilgrimage of women in Laurences The Diviners Essay -- Margaret L

Women's liberation as characterized in the women's activist Dictionary (1985) is a development looking for the acknowledgment of the world upon a premise of sex correspondence and every single human connection, a development which would dismiss each separation between people upon the ground of sex, would annul all sex benefits and sex troubles and would endeavor up to the acknowledgment of the regular humankind as the establishment of law and custom. Women's activist writing is a standard book, which depicts the sufferings of ladies, demands the requirement for ensuring their privileges and recommends implies on their liberation. Woman's rights might be considered as a social development. It thinks about ladies as the mistreated gathering, maintains their privilege by introducing them as people and individuals. It avows their abilities to be self-ruling, keen, solid and fruitful. Women's activist writings, then again, typify in their works of creative mind a portion of these perspectives. These abstract writings question the current social presumption, which they delineate as being emotional, partial and uneven. They catch the discouraging states of ladies, involve proposing available resources for settling their issues. They argue for a sort of writing which would be liberated from the one-sided representations of people in light of their race, class and sex. Disregarding bondage and concealment, the ladies have contributed their scholarly and inventive may to the development and improvement of the general public and themselves. Toni Morrison, Barbara Smith, and Lorraine Hansberry , Margaret Laurence, Margaret Clarke, Margaret Atwood and Ethel Wilson are some of them, ?Journey is an excursion to a hallowed spot As a demonstration of strict commitment - it Additionally mean... ...e need to see a greater amount of. In any case, such a large number of others, particularly those in Morag's current life are figures. Her little girl and little girls' allies are cliché flower children of the time. Her educator spouse, her own companions and neighbors and grouped proprietors all appear to play out their story capacities and afterward mix offstage. Plainly Laurence composes withan attention to her tribal past and in this way composes with a settler awareness. It is again this settler cognizance working in her which represents the inescapable nearness of excursion theme , for migration has consistently been in close relationship with venture, with development across existence. On account of Canadian workers, ventures were to bigin with, spurred by investigation and mission and later on prompted procedures of self-acknowledgment, character and character improvement.

Art and History Displayed at the Pompeii Exhibition at LACMA Essay

The Pompeii presentation at LACMA was a bewildering representation of history. The display gave a wide range of articles; from models, glass figures, painted craftsmanship, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. These craftsmanship pieces indicate the sort of life that was occurring in the Bay of Naples during the subsequent century. As we probably am aware the urban areas around the Bay of Naples, which incorporate Pompeii and Herculaneum, became vacation destinations when the urban communities were uncovered after they were covered from the volcanic ejection of Mount Vesuvius. In any case, the cognizance of how the craftsmanship pieces advanced into the exhibition hall is only a little actuality of the history behind them. With this display we can feel like we are back in time and living in the thrilling time of Pompeii. Toward the beginning of the show we are given different busts and models of certain, and probably well known, figures. It is the point at which we see the figure of Aphrodite (see Fig. 1) that we begin detecting the essentialness of the presentation. These figures were the standard during the second century in the Bay of Naples, and by review the unpredictable subtleties in every workmanship piece we see how commendable each work intended to every one of the craftsmen. The model of Aphrodite depicted a peaceful welcome to the exhibitors. She remained in the center inviting us with a delicate and comforting grin. Through this model we see how the Pompeii craftsman was following the Greek impression of the human body, for example, what we see in Polykleitos’ form, Doryphoros; Aphrodite remains with the weight moved on to one side foot depicting the cross parity of the human body. When we welcome the primary craftsmanship room we are then given different bits of the nurseries tha t were found around the Bay of Naples. In, w... ...hristen Kobke were in plain view including The Forum at Pompeii. The Forum painting delineates an unfortunate scene of Pompeii as it sits torn and destructed. Books and photograph collections likewise are shown toward the finish of the display. Nonetheless, one of the keep going figures visible, Nydia, The Blind Girl of Pompeii (see Fig. 4), gives us the way that numerous individuals were really propelled by the extraordinary awful story of Pompeii. The figure of Nydia communicates the trouble and frightfulness that many had encountered during that time. The Pompeii presentation highlighted various articles, and how these items were appeared to the open introduced a story. We were invited by the individuals into the home and gardens. Later we were given our leaving behind the photograph collections and lit up Pompeii craftsmanship. This display shows how much data and history can be introduced in a couple of bits of workmanship.

College Paper Writing Help - Get Students to Write Better Papers

College Paper Writing Help - Get Students to Write Better PapersIf you are looking for college paper writing help, there are some techniques that you can use to make your papers more interesting and concise. You don't want to try to be clever and beat around the bush or come across as a student who is trying too hard. Be yourself and be honest about what you are saying.The most important thing that you can do when writing your college paper is to stick to your topic. Write about what the paper is about and write about it well. Think about how to get across your point of view and the impact it will have on your audience. When you are clear about what you want to say, your writing will be clearer and will be easier to read.To get across your point of view it is helpful to write about the paper in paragraphs rather than one long paragraph. When writing a long essay it is difficult to understand how much information you need to include. However, when you use paragraphs to describe your t opics it makes your writing more concise. The more concise you are, the easier it will be to read your paper.Try to use short sentences to describe your points of view. Allowing your reader to get the gist of what you are saying allows them to be absorbed in the information that you are presenting. When you are unsure of how to present your points of view you should allow your audience to use their own perspective and experience to help explain what they think you mean. The paper will be clearer when this happens. So try to be careful when using the word 'like' as it may not make sense.Making statements can help to make your papers more interesting. For example if you are stating an opinion, you should explain why you have that opinion and what it is. Instead of just telling the reader you think, why not give them something to think about? Using examples of how others have made an argument is a good way to break up your point of view and make your paper clearer.Be accurate when you write your paper. If you have to make some corrections, do it. It will help your audience to see that you are up to date with the facts. There is nothing worse than being right because you wrote something in the paper but later find out that you were wrong. It may cause confusion among your audience so it is best to be completely accurate.Try to get across a specific topic but also put a light heart into it. When you make a strong argument, but it sounds like you are being overly friendly and getting all mushy on the paper, it will not be attractive to your audience. So be direct, but keep it upbeat.Keep your essay short and avoid a lengthy paper. The paper should be easy to read and understand. It should take no more than five minutes to read and no more than ten to write. If you overshoot it, then you can always revise.

The Internet and Social Media - 1212 Words

Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook. OH MY! Since the development of the Internet, technology has vastly changed the way we live and communicate. This technological revolution we have gone through has brought about many new things into our daily lives. The birth of social media has completely changed technology, and they way we use it. We can now communicate with each other from anywhere around the world. We can update people on our current location. We can have a conversation over text. We can inform people exactly what we are doing at any given time. Social media has boomed in our society, and is only getting more and more popular. With sites like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and Google +, people can communicate and update the world with whatever they see fit. Millions of people use social media every single say, with many of them using it multiple times a day. Teens in today’s world have been attracted the most towards social media, and use it more often than any other age gr oup. The temptation to always be on social media is very prevalent in many teens’ lives. It distracts teens from the more important things life has to offer like a good education, or a job. This technological epidemic may seem like a fantastic thing to some people, but I view it differently. Kids today are heavily abusing social media, and using it to harm or hurt people. I personally believe that social media is an increasing negative effect on teens in our world today because of the depressionShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And The Internet1564 Words   |  7 Pagesassociated with social media and the Internet. Many years ago, before phones and computers were invented, simply going outside to play was a great way to spend time with friends and be entertained. Technology has evolved greatly since these days. Teens can communicate, post pictures, and search anything on the Internet nowadays. Although social media is a very big hit in this century, the real question is, is it sa fe? What does the use of social media and the Internet lead teens to do? Social media and theRead MoreThe Internet And Social Media946 Words   |  4 PagesInternet and Social Media The advent of the Information Age linked people to one another, across vast expanses of geographic space through a simple home computer. While early home users paid per minute of access, the service providers quickly offered a set, monthly fee for access and continuously growing bandwidth availability to remain competitive as users started streaming videos, music, and live broadcasts. Along with entertainment and communication between people, the internet also offers neverRead MoreThe Internet And Social Media927 Words   |  4 PagesThe internet and social media instantly connects individuals anywhere in the world with each other. This instant connection can be beneficial to nurses in the workplace. It enables quicker communication between staff and is an unlimited resource of information for nurses and patients. The downside is that nurses have to be careful of what they put online. Social media can be a great tool to improve patient care when used appropriately. An article titled To Tweet or not to Tweet? Nurses, Social MediaRead MoreSocial Media And The Internet Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media and the internet have changed the way people in the music industry do business, along with how people in society receive music. People in the music industry have had to reevaluate everything that they have done in the past, in order to adapt to how things are now. Artists are now taking control of their own careers; because of that major labels are not making as much money as they did before. Through the internet and social media artists have been releasing there own music on sitesRead MoreThe Internet And Social Media1437 Words   |  6 Pagescontinues. The internet and various social media have been changing the arena in which people communicate with each other. People use the internet to interact with various individuals all over the world. The internet has bridged the gap between communicating with individuals as they connect with family, friends and other individuals in society. As individuals embraces the evolution of technology, there are multiple ways individuals can communicate with each other. Social media has been theRead MoreThe Internet And Social Media Essay2046 Words   |  9 Pagesconnection where a person’s access to the internet is limited only by whether they have an internet ready device. The internet has allowed users to freely and effortlessly communicate with each other across the globe. This has opened up new and exciting prospects including forming friends aboard, creating a personal blog and competing in online games with people from other countries. It is estimated that around 2.95 billion people around the world use social media web-sites. In the United States (US)Read MoreSocial Media And The Internet1866 Words   |  8 Pagestelevisions, and in the past few decades, the internet. According to History.com, in 1965, the first connection between two computers was made , and many advances occurred until the web we know today was birthed in 1991 by a swiss man named Tim Berners-Lee. This is when the world wide web, that WWW that appears on almost every URL, began to take shape, and where people could access an array of information. The internet seems to be the culmination of all these social media communication inventions. There areRead MoreInternet Usage Of Social Media1144 Words   |  5 PagesOVERVIEW: Internet usage has become a heavily integrated and important characteristic of current and contemporary society. It would be rare to meet anyone who has not yet used any aspect of the Internet. In fact, according to the article, Social Media Update 2016 written by Shannon Greenwood, Andrew Perrin, and Maeve Duggun of the Pew Research center, â€Å"86% of Americans are currently internet users† (Greenwood et al.) This percentage includes teenagers, emerging adults, and adults. Below are observationsRead MoreThe Rise Of The Internet And Soci al Media974 Words   |  4 Pagesheart of marketing, the core function is to create and deliver value to the consumer. The rise of the internet has seen the rise of the global consumer. Meaning businesses are not restricted by geographical location, increasing the speed and amount of potential customers within markets, presenting both a challenge and an opportunity for marketers. However since the rise of the internet and social media, Poiesz and van Raaij (2007) state that in increasingly crowded markets, and increasingly sophisticatedRead MoreThe Emergence Of The Internet And Social Media1079 Words   |  5 PagesThe emergence of the Internet and social media has had a tremendous impact on the theory and practice of advertising, public relations and marketing disciplines. Advertising spending on the Internet has outpaced all other traditional media (Center for Media Research, 2004). In the last two years, the number of social networking tools and the number of people using those tools have exploded, thus the rules are constantly changing and there is considerable uncertainty on how to employ these tools from

To What Extent Do You Agree with the Idea That King Lear...

King Lear inevitably meets his downfall by the end of the play, this happens through a combination of factors both in his direct control and through ways which are entirely out of his hands. Through his daughters disrespecting him through his foolishness over dividing his kingdom, the banishment of certain characters, unsuccessful manipulation and other methods Lear encounters madness and finally his death. From the beginning of the play the viewer can watch Lear deteriorate as his apparent madness intensifies and is helped along through other people such as his daughters Regan and Gonerill. Lear eventually seems to return to his original self regretting how these events started through his foolish banishment of Cordelia however this is†¦show more content†¦The division of the country would have weakened it, leading to arguments between people and that there wouldnt be an effective central government, meaning the there would be no effective defense. After this long period o f uncertainty in England, Shakespeares Elizabethan audience would have been horrified at Lears choice to divide his kingdom and create a lack of unity The next section in the play in which Lear personally contributes to his final fate is when he proposes that he and his one hundred knights live between Gonerill and Reagan in turn, on some kind of rotor Ourself by monthly course, with reservation for an hundred knights by you to be sustained, shall our abode make with you by due turn. When Lear and his knights are staying with Gonerill she tells the servants that they are to treat Lear with little respect and not to be courteous towards him. Lear does seem to notice this however it is only brought up in conversation by a knight which Lear Says he will look into. Lear says that he thought it was just him overacting around the situation but now that someone else has told him also he realizes that something may be wrong. After confronting Gonerill in which she wanted the number of his knights reduced Lear disowns her as she has basically gone back on her word when he was dividing his kingdom. At this point Lear speaks very badly of Gon erill, he calls her a degenerate bastard and later says Thou marbleShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesCHAPTER 1 Changing Nature of Human Resource Management After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: ââ€"  Identify four major HR challenges currently facing organizations and managers. List and define each of the seven major categories of HR activities. Identify the three different roles of HR management. Discuss the three dimensions associated with HR management as a strategic business contributor. Explain why HR professionals and operating managers must view HR management as an

Analysis Of The Poem Summer By Josiah Conder - 900 Words

Summer by Josiah Conder , is describe as an a completely opposite Summer than the one everyone is familiar with. When thinking of the summer, thoughts of heat, vacation, and fun are usually associated with it. Conder describes the Summer as being a miserable time, where the skies are gray and gloomy. The sonnet itself is English/Shakespearean model which makes it easier for Conder to express different ideas in each quatrain but still relate them. Also Conder was a poet during the Romantic era where any feeling could be expressed towards anything. And that is what Conder does when describing the Summer. In the poem the speaker is having a conversation with no one , while they describe the Summer. Conder uses diction, imagery, alliteration and metaphor to help convey the idea that the Summer is not as fun and appealing. Throughout various lines in the poem Conder chooses very specific words to use throughout the poem. In the second line of the first quatrain of the poem while describ ing the sky. The speaker says â€Å"The pale grey skies/ A sort of dull and dubious and lustre†(1-2). The words â€Å"dubious† and â€Å"lustre† give a connotation of doubtful and shine. The speaker is describing the sky as of having a boring and doubtful glow or shine in the grey sky. Continuing in the third and fourth line of the first quatrain the speaker says â€Å"Nature lies/ Slumbering and gazing on me in her sleep† (3-4). The word slumbering has a connotation of sleeping. So what the speaker is saying in

Multiculturalism in Canada free essay sample

The topic of â€Å"multiculturalism,† has been a hotly debated issue since the end of the colonizing era. In their endeavor to find the best policy for multiculturalism, different countries opted for different options. States that chose to integrate cultural minorities into their mainstream society had to find the solution that would provide the most equality among citizens; a solution that would later translate into national solidarity and social cohesion. While some countries have strived to assimilate cultural minorities, others have attempted to â€Å"turn a blind eye† and tolerate them. Multiculturalism for me means to aid the integration of minorities into the mainstream society by granting them group-specific cultural rights. Providing group-specific rights would mean providing equality for all citizens by making up for the minority’s reduced status they succumbed when integrating into society. This paper will contrast and compare the different forms of multiculturalism policies and will ultimately prove that creating citizen equality by granting group-specific rights to deserving cultural groups is the fairest and most rewarding approach to dealing with multiculturalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism in Canada or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During colonialism, conquering powers made many mistakes in their attempts to deal with the aboriginals of their conquered lands. As Kymlicka (2002) declares, the colonialists’ first instinct was to either banish the indigenous people into isolated reserves or force them to abandon their culture and be assimilated into the new Western culture. The colonialists’ rationale was that if the aboriginals became citizens, they would incorporate themselves into the Western culture by gaining equal rights and would assume a common identity with all citizens. Although this sounds like a well justified argument, when explored in depth, it is easily realized that solely granting citizenship to the aboriginals wouldn’t necessarily lead to integration. This can be determined by the assumption that colonialist state citizens wouldn’t automatically welcome these new ‘different’ citizens with open arms. (Kymlicka, 2002) In addition, the First Nations, along with most other cultures, would predictably not want to shun their own culture and adopt a new one. This is especially true when the cultures in the process of being assimilated are subject to violence and forced compliance to the colonizers. Historically, the negative results associated with assimilation prove that assimilation will not work as a form of integration and a new solution based around groups being able to maintain their previous cultural ties would have to be utilized. After failing to succeed with assimilation attempts, the British colonizers of Canada opted for the option of banishment of natives; an option that would prove to have even more negative implications. Through a series of treaties that First Nation leaders were coerced to sign, the aboriginals of Canada were steadily removed of their rights and their territories. Eventually, these aboriginals were confined to reserves where they could no longer practice their previous lifestyles and their society was essentially ruined. Present day aboriginal peoples of Canada still suffer the consequences of their ancestor’s rights being violated during the colonizing era. Furthermore, due to the actions of the English colonizers centuries ago, the Canadian government today still faces the plight of the First Nations’ ruined society. The problems in First Nation reserves range from unemployment, to alcoholism, to high suicide rates; making it clear that the aboriginal peoples have not had success adapting to modern society effectively. Thus, I feel it is now the government’s duty to support the Canadian aboriginal groups by not only providing them with financial assistance, but also by granting them with group-specific rights to subsidize their misfortunes and at least attempt to give them social and economic equality with the national majority. Overall, neither assimilation nor isolation have worked in history as means of dealing with culture groups. Another solution based on integration to society, while being able to maintain one’s culture, needs to be explored. Such a solution exists in the present day United States. Here, the government acts under the principle of ‘benign neglect’. (Walzer 1992, in Kymlicka, 2002) Such a principle revolves around the state being indifferent to the ethnocultural groups in its country by allowing them to maintain their desired culture as long as they don’t violate the American constitution. The neutrality under which the American government functions allows all cultural groups to integrate as much as they see fit into the mainstream society. Consequently, the American government argues that there is no necessity for minority rights in their country since no one, not even the majority, are favored to any extent and everyone’s culture is tolerated. However, there are faults with the American policy of ‘benign neglect’.  disputes that although the United States declare that they have no recognized official language, the American government has historically ensured that Anglophones become a majority in all of the fifty states. Additionally, the United States still maintains policies today to guarantee that new citizens of the United States are able to speak English. These policies reveal that the Anglophone majority in the United States does indeed benefit by speaking English and there are no minority rights that subsidize the effects of these policies on the minorities. Furthermore, the fact that cultures are ‘tolerated’ for moral reasons in the United States can be seen as disrespectful. Culture groups want to be accepted, understood, and appreciated for what they are, not simply tolerated. Toleration, according to Mookherjee (2008), is something that must be based on self-interest and not sheer desire for moral growth. In summary, the aforementioned faults with the multiculturalism policy of ‘benign neglect’ therefore deem the American policy invalid as it fails to provide actual equality for its citizens. Thus a need for an additional approach to multiculturalism is required. The American benign neglect leaves something to be desired and thus forces national minorities to seek either isolation from mainstream society or integration under fairer terms; hence the debate for group-specific rights. (Kymlicka, 2002) As shown in the example of the First Nations in Canada, isolationism is not very appealing. Therefore, most minority groups choose to integrate into society. However, they need to find a means to protect their culture from the government’s ‘nation-building’ process once they integrate. Nation-building is a fundamentally acceptable idea since it would, in theory, provide a common identity among citizens and equal opportunity to access social institutions. (Kymlicka, 2002) However, nation-building acts too much in the likes of assimilation by promoting one culture and one language that all citizens would have to conform to. The response from minorities would then be to limit the effects of nation-building on their culture by requesting group-specific rights. The minorities’ justification for these rights would be that since the national majority is being benefited by their culture being dispersed among the nation, the benefits have to be balanced. Essentially, group-specific rights are based on the state being convinced that life is fundamentally unequal for minorities in society and thus there is a need to balance out inequalities by providing minorities with special privileges. This is consistent with ‘multicultural theory’ as outlined by Mookherjee (2008), which states that it is, â€Å"unjust if the law of the land demands much greater sacrifices of minorities than it does the majority. † Group-specific rights are however, a very controversial proposal. Mookherjee (2008) argues that â€Å"uniform citizenship is not enough for members of minority cultures in a liberal society. † Therefore, minorities need ‘differentiated citizenship’ in order to acknowledge that some groups have different needs and goals. This seems like a reasonable request, but there are many potential implications to granting special rights. The two main questions associated with group-specific rights are: who gets them? And what rights do they get? The government has to make sure that the special group-rights they grant do not result in the rights of the members in the culture group being violated in any way. According to Kymlicka (2002), there are two possible types of rights that minorities might claim. One of them would be for â€Å"external protections,† this would protect the minority from the external pressures of society. The latter one would allow groups to suppress their members to prevent dissent against the ideals and beliefs of the culture group. The government would understandably have to be extremely cautious about which groups receive group-specific rights. Most groups will use these rights for the protection of their culture and to supplement the individual rights of their members. (Raz in Kymlicka, 2002) However, there will be some groups that will utilize minority rights to perform illiberal actions that violate member’s rights. According to Okin (1999), most times, these violations would be targeted towards women. While some groups violate women openly by not allowing them to be educated or to vote, what about those groups that only mistreat women behind closed doors? Okin (1999) warns that most violations against women are informal and happen within the household. These may include but are not limited to: forcing women to work only in the home, and subjecting women to sexual violence. Okin (1999) argues that most traditional groups, especially religious groups, tend to hold the belief that women should be dominated by men and this is the primary reason why the state should not even consider the idea of granting group-specific rights. However, I believe Kymlicka’s (2002) limitations on which groups can receive minority rights are a very efficient buffer to prevent these violations from occurring. Understands that there is a need to differentiate between what he calls â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† minority rights; the former supplement individual rights, while the latter restrict individual rights. I support Kymlicka’s criteria for granting cultural rights, which includes: allowing free association and the right to exit (Mookherjee, 2008), and that the group demanding special rights be subject to a constitution that defines all the rights of group members. These three main benchmarks would need to be present in order for groups to receive cultural rights and they would also be essential in ensuring that the benefits that group-specific rights are meant to provide are provided. I am aware of Okin’s (1999) argument that only a very limited of cultural groups will be able to meet this criteria. However, I strongly believe that if a culture group fails to ensure the safety and well-being of its members, it is not consistent with a liberal state and should by no means receive the privileges to carry out their illiberal actions inside a liberal state. However, if liberal-democratic cultural groups are awarded special rights, they can use these for positive endeavors. Examples include: to protect their cultures from external societal pressures, which will in turn provide group members with a sense of membership in a community. In addition, the society in which the group is demanding rights will benefit from having different cultures enriching its own. Ideally, the larger society will accept the cultural group and its members will receive positive recognition, which as Taylor (1992, in Mookherjee, 2008) states, is a ‘vital human need. ’ In the end, both the cultural groups and society as a whole should benefit from the existence and success of these groups. However it is my belief that this harmonious ideal can only be achieved through the granting of group-specific rights. In conclusion, I believe that minority cultural rights are justified. Throughout this paper, I have explored other possible realistic and even current policies for dealing with multiculturalism. However, each alternative has a fault or something that I feel can be improved using Kymlicka’s (2002) example. Firstly, neither assimilation nor isolation policies were successful in the past. Secondly, benign neglect in the United States has shown its inefficiency by the fact that the government doesn’t trust its own policy and opts to covertly favor the majority. Furthermore, toleration is not the most inclusive policy of multiculturalism as it doesn’t necessarily create cohesion between cultures and a desired unified nation. And finally, Okin’s (1999) feminist perspective against cultural rights is well defended. However, most right violations of women can be easily prevented by following Kymlicka’s (2002) criteria for the granting of group-specific rights. In general, group-specific rights are merely a way in which the government acknowledges the difficulties that minorities face in maintaining their cultural autonomy. To fix this fundamental inequality, it is necessary that the government grants group-specific cultural rights which would then fix this unbalance of equality and put many groups on as Kymlicka (2002) calls it, a more ‘equal footing,’ with the rest of society. Thus creating harmony. Multiculturalism in Canada free essay sample The topic ot multiculturalism, nas been a hotly debated issue since the end ot the colonizing era. In their endeavor to find the best policy for multiculturalism, different countries opted for different options. States that chose to integrate cultural minorities into their mainstream society had to find the solution that would provide the most equality among citizens; a solution that would later translate into national solidarity and social cohesion. While some countries have strived to assimilate cultural minorities, others have attempted to turn a blind eye and tolerate them. Multiculturalism for me means to aid the integration of minorities into the mainstream society by granting them group-specific cultural rights. Providing group- specific rights would mean providing equality for all citizens by making up for the minoritys reduced status they succumbed when integrating into society. This paper will contrast and compare the different forms of multiculturalism policies and will ultimately prove that creating citizen equality by granting group-specific rights to deserving cultural groups is the fairest and most rewarding approach to dealing with ulticulturalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism in Canada or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During colonialism, conquering powers made many mistakes in their attempts to deal with the aboriginals of their conquered lands. As Kymlicka (2002) declares, the colonialists first instinct was to either banish the indigenous people into isolated reserves or force them to abandon their culture and be assimilated into the new Western culture. The colonialists rationale was that if the aboriginals became citizens, they would incorporate themselves into the Western culture by gaining equal rights and would assume a common identity with all citizens. Although this ounds like a well Justified argument, when explored in depth, it is easily realized that solely granting citizenship to the aboriginals wouldnt necessarily lead to integration. This can be determined by the assumption that colonialist state citizens wouldnt automatically welcome these new different citizens with open arms. Kymlicka, 2002) In addition, the First Nations, along with most other cultures, would predictably not want to shun their own culture and adopt a new one. This is especially true when the cultures in the process of being assimilated are subject to violence and forced compliance to the colonizers. Historically, the negative results associated with assimilation prove that assimilation will not work as a form of integration and a new solution based a round groups being able to maintain their previous cultural ties would have to be utilized. After failing to succeed with assimilation attempts, the British colonizers of Canada opted for the option of banishment of natives; an option that would prove to have even more negative implications. Through a series of treaties that First Nation leaders were coerced to sign, the aboriginals of Canada were steadily removed of their rights and their territories. Eventually, these aboriginals were confined to reserves where they could no longer practice their previous lifestyles and their society was essentially ruined. Present day aboriginal peoples of Canada still suffer the consequences of their ancestors rights being violated during the colonizing era. Furthermore, due to the actions ot the English colonizers centuries ago, the Canadian government today still faces the plight of the First Nations ruined society. The problems in First Nation reserves range from unemployment, to alcoholism, to high suicide rates; making it clear that the aboriginal peoples have not had success dapting to modern society effectively. Thus, I feel it is now the governments duty to support the Canadian aboriginal groups by not only providing them with financial assistance, but also by granting them with group-specific rights to subsidize their misfortunes and at least attempt to give them social and economic equality with the national majority. Overall, neither assimilation nor isolation have worked in history as means of dealing with culture groups. Another solution based on integration to society, while being able to maintain ones culture, needs to be explored. Such a solution exists in the present day United States. Here, the government acts under the principle of benign neglect. (Walzer 1992, in Kymlicka, 2002) Such a principle revolves around the state being indifferent to the ethnocultural groups in its country by allowing them to maintain their desired culture as long as they dont violate the American constitution. (Kymlicka, 2002) The neutrality under which the American government functions allows all cultural groups to integrate as much as they see fit into the mainstream society. Consequently, the American government argues that there is no necessity for minority rights in their country since no one, not ven the majority, are favored to any extent and everyones culture is tolerated. However, there are faults with the American policy of benign neglect. Kymlicka (2002) disputes that although the United States declare that they have no recognized official language, the American government has historically ensured that Anglophones become a majority in all of the fifty states. Additionally, the United States still maintains policies today to guarantee that new citizens of the United States are able to speak English. These policies reveal that the Anglophone majority in the United States does indeed benefit by speaking English and there are no minority rights that subsidize the effects of these policies on the minorities. Furthermore, the fact that cultures are tolerated for moral reasons in the United States can be seen as disrespectful. Culture groups want to be accepted, understood, and appreciated for what they are, not simply tolerated. Toleration, according to MookherJee (2008), is something that must be based on self-interest and not sheer desire for moral growth. In summary, the aforementioned faults with the multiculturalism policy of benign neglect therefore deem the American policy invalid as it fails to provide actual equality for its citizens. Thus a need for an additional approach to multiculturalism is required. The American benign neglect leaves something to be desired and thus forces national minorities to seek either isolation from mainstream society or integration under fairer terms; hence the debate for group-specific rights. (Kymlicka, 2002) As shown in the example of the First Nations in Canada, isolationism is not very appealing. Therefore, most minority groups choose to integrate into society. However, hey need to find a means to protect their culture from the governments nation- building process once they integrate. Nation-building is a fundamentally acceptable idea since it woul d, in theory, provide a common identity among citizens and equal opportunity to access social institutions. (Kymlicka, 2002) However, nation-building acts too much in the likes of assimilation by promoting one culture and one language that all citizens would have to conform to. The response from minorities would then be to limit the effects of nation-building on their culture by requesting group-specific ights. The minorities Justification for these rights would be that since the national majority is being benefited by their culture being dispersed among the nation, the benefits have to be balanced. Essentially, group-specific rights are based on the state being convinced that life is fundamentally unequal for minorities in society and thus there is a need to balance out inequalities by providing minorities with special privileges. This is consistent with multicultural theory as outlined by MookherJee (2008), which states that it is, unjust if the law of the land demands much greater acrifices of minorities than it does the majority. Group-specific rights are however, a very controversial proposal. MookherJee (2008) argues that uniform citizenship is not enough for members of minority cultures in a liberal society. Therefore, minorities need differentiated citizenship in order to acknowledge that some groups have different needs and goals. This seems like a reasonable request, but there are many potential implications to granting special rights. The two main questions associated with group-specific rights are: who gets them? And what rights do they get? The government has to make sure that the pecial group-rights they grant do not result in the rights of the members in the culture group being violated in any way. According to Kymlicka (2002), there are two possible types of rights that minorities might claim. One of them would be for external protections, this would protect the minority from the external pressures of society. The latter one would allow groups to suppress their members to prevent dissent against the ideals and beliefs of the culture group. The government would understandably have to be extremely cautious about which groups receive group-specific rights. Most groups will use these rights for the protection of their culture and to supplement the individual rights of their members. (Raz in Kymlicka, 2002) However, there will be some groups that will utilize minority rights to perform illiberal actions that violate members rights. According to Okin (1999), most times, these violations would be targeted towards women. While some groups violate women openly by not allowing them to be educated or to vote, what about those groups that only mistreat women behind closed doors? Okin (1999) warns that most violations against women are informal and happen within the household. These may include but are not limited to: forcing women to work only in the home, and subjecting women to sexual violence. Okin (1999) argues that most traditional groups, especially religious groups, tend to hold the belief that women should be dominated by men and this is the primary reason why the state should not even consider the idea of granting group-specific rights. However, I believe Kymlickas (2002) limitations on which groups can receive minority rights are a very efficient buffer to prevent these violations from occurring. Kymlicka 2) understands that there is a need to ditterentiate between what ne alls good and bad minority rights; the former supplement individual rights, while the latter restrict individual rights. I support Kymlickas criteria for granting cultural rights, which includes: allowing free association and the right to exit (MookherJee, 2008), and that the group demanding special rights be subject to a constitution that defines all the rights of group members. These three main benchmarks would need to be present in order for groups to receive cultural rights and they would also be essential in ensuring that the benefits that group-specific rights are meant to provide re provided. I am aware of Okins (1999) argument that only a very limited of cultural groups will be able to meet this criteria. However, I strongly believe that if a culture group fails to ensure the safety and well-being of its members, it is not consistent with a liberal state and should by no means receive the privileges to carry out their illiberal actions inside a liberal state. However, if liberal-democratic cultural groups are awarded special rights, they can use these for positive endeavors. Examples include: to protect their cultures from external societal pressures, which will in turn rovide group members with a sense of membership in a community. In addition, the society in which the group is demanding rights will benefit from having different cultures enriching its own. Ideally, the larger society will accept the cultural group and its members will receive positive recognition, which as Taylor (1992, in MookherJee, 2008) states, is a Vital human need. In the end, both the cultural groups and society as a whole should benefit from the existence and success of these groups. However it is my belief that this harmonious ideal can only be achieved through the granting of group-specific rights. In conclusion, I believe that minority cultural rights are Justified. Throughout this paper, I have explored other possible realistic and even current policies for dealing with multiculturalism. However, each alternative has a fault or something that I feel can be improved using Kymlickas (2002) example. Firstly, neither assimilation nor isolation policies were successful in the past. Secondly, benign neglect in the United States has shown its inefficiency by the fact that the government doesnt trust its own policy and opts to covertly favor the majority. Furthermore, toleration is not the most nclusive policy of multiculturalism as it doesnt necessarily create cohesion between cultures and a desired unified nation. And finally, Okins (1999) feminist perspective against cultural rights is well defended. However, most right violations of women can be easily prevented by following Kymlickas (2002) criteria for the granting of group- specific rights. In general, group-specific rights are merely a way in which the government acknowledges the difficulties that minorities face in maintaining their cultural autonomy. To fix this fundamental inequality, it is necessary that the overnment grants group-specific cultural rights which would then fix this unbalance of equality and put many groups on as Kymlicka (2002) calls it, a more equal footing, with the rest of society. Thus creating harmony.